Ballad Of Birmingham By Dudley Randall - 1549 Words

In the 1960s racial discrimination, segregation, and race-inspired violence was at its worst. Jim Crow laws kept white and African American people separate in public, the Ku Klux, Klan forced African Americans to fear for their lives every minute of every day, and absolutely nothing was happening to change these injustices. African Americans participated in thousands of nonviolent boycotts, freedom marches, and protests and nothing was ever changed until the morning of September 15, 1963. On that morning, a bomb, made of dynamite, forever changed the lives of the citizens attending the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama. Four young black girls died in the bombing, inspiring poet Dudley Randall to write his powerful poem, â€Å"Ballad of Birmingham.† Through his poetry, Randall influenced change in the Civil Rights movement, and by owning the largest printing press of the 1960s, played a huge role in the Black Arts Movement. Dudley Randall’s ballad,  "Ballad of Birmingham,† expresses his feelings of helplessness and sorrow after the tragic and senseless 16th Street Baptist Church bombing using irony, imagery, and tone to allow his readers to understand what life was like for African Americans in America in the 1960s. Irony in â€Å"Ballad of Birmingham† is found throughout the poem starting in the very beginning of the poem because one would expect the mother to be the one to want to go to the freedom march, not a young girl. Also irony is present in the poem when theShow MoreRelated`` Ballad Of Birmingham `` By Randall Dudley1332 Words   |  6 Pagesno idea what is fixing to happen. Randall Dudley’s â€Å"Ballad of Birmingham,† gives a clear vision of what happened this day in 1963. The bombing at the 16th street baptist church in Birmingham, Alabama was a tragic event for the ones in this time. The poem shows the social and historical context of what exactly was going on during this time. The author, Randall Dudley, was born on January 14, 1914. He was born in Washington D.C. but moved to Detroit in 1920. Randall was an African American poet, publisherRead MoreBallad Of Birmingham, By Dudley Randall1602 Words   |  7 PagesThe poem I chose to write about is called â€Å"Ballad of Birmingham,† by Dudley Randall, (Lit. Kirszner Mandell, 2012 pg. 378 ). This poem is about one of the four little African-American girls that were killed in a church bombing that was orchestrated by white supremacists back in 1963 in Birmingham, Alabama. The 1960s were a tumultuous decade for America, particularly on the off chance that you lived in the southern portion of the nation. It was pretty obvious that the Southern states were stillRead More Ballad of Birmingham by Dudley Randall Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesBallad of Birmingham by Dudley Randall In Ballad of Birmingham, Dudley Randall illustrates a conflict between a child who wishes to march for civil rights and a mother who wishes only to protect her child. Much of this poem is read as dialogue between a mother and a child, a style which gives it an intimate tone and provides insight to the feelings of the characters. Throughout the poem the child is eager to go into Birmingham and march for freedom with the people there. The mother, on theRead MoreBallad of Birmingham by Dudley Randall Essays693 Words   |  3 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Ballad of Birmingham resembles a traditional ballad in that it tells a story in a song-like manner. The didactic tone seeks to teach us something; in this case it’s the theme of needless destruction. There are many devices the author uses to create such a tone and to tell such a story. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;First of all, the most visible element of importance is the irony. A kid dying in a church where his mom told him to go to be safe is very ironic andRead MoreThe Real Life Events Illustrated in The Ballad of Birmingham, by Dudley Randall525 Words   |  3 PagesThe tragic poem, â€Å"The Ballad of Birmingham,† begins with a young child asking an imploring question to her mother, â€Å"May I go downtown instead of out to play† (Randall, 669)? The author, Dudley Randall, illustrates the conflict and irony between the mother and her child. The mother only wants to protect her child from the dangers that await her, but the child on the other hand, only wants to be a part of the Freedom March in Birmingham, Alabama. â€Å"The Ballad of Birmingham† was written about the realRead MoreThe Ballad Of Birmingham Poem1385 Words   |  6 Pagesnever met before. Imagine your child making world news and being put in history books because of the evil negligence of another fellow American. This reality was true for the families of the victims in the Ballad of Birmingham poem. In my opinion, this is a well structured essay by Dudley Randall which describes minutes before an innocent girl dies in one of the most unimaginable ways. I believe losing her child is a hard thing for a mother to go through. I enjoy the end rhyme and the ability forRead MoreDudley Randalls Poem Ballad of Birmingham Essay examples563 Words   |  3 PagesDudley Randall was born on January 19, 1914 in Washington D.C. and died on August 2, 2000 in Southfield, Michigan. His mother Ada Viloa was a teacher and his father Arthur George Clyde Randall was a Congregational minister. His father was very much into politics because of that Dudley and his brother would listen to prominent black speakers. When Randall was about nine years old he and his family move to Detroit, Michigan in 1920. By the time he was thirteen he had his first poem published in theRead MoreFigure Of Speech InBallad Of Birmingham, By Dudley Randall1059 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Ballad of Birmingham† is a ba llad written by Dudley Randall. A literary ballad is a poem that tells a short story in a simple narrative and is not accompanied by music. In this ballad, Randall tells the story of an African American mother and her child living in the 1960s. In this period of time African Americans and other minority groups where segregated and denied their Humans Rights. To analyze a poem, you have to first analyze or find the literary elements of the poem to get an idea of the timeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Ballad Of Birmingham 1121 Words   |  5 Pagesright and it ultimately blows up in your face. This poem written by Dudley Randall   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ballad of Birmingham† is a world shattering and ironic story of a mother trying to keep her daughter out of harm’s way, and it ultimately failed. Randall wrote his poem in dialogue to show a conversation between mother and daughter. As well as that, dialogue is used to show the hardships of growing up black especially in the 1960s.   However Randall also uses irony as an unexpected twist. Lastly he uses imagery to expressRead MoreA Historical Look Into the â€Å"Ballad of Birmingham1102 Words   |  5 PagesA Historical Look into the â€Å"Ballad of Birmingham The â€Å"Ballad of Birmingham is a shocking poem that was written by Dudley Randall about a bombing of an African American church in Birmingham, Alabama in 1963. The bombing of the church was racially motivated and resulted in the death of four innocent African American girls and was the turning point in the United States 1960s Civil Rights Movement. In Dudley’s poem he has taken such a sad event and turned it into a poem showing the racially motivated

Keny Economic Engine And Key Driver Of Strength - 1136 Words

Kenya is one of the top economic engine and key driver of strength in Eastern Africa. Its strong private division and business services contribute greatly to the growth in the region. Kenya is home to some of the most fascinating natural wonders and people in the world. Kenya is reflected as a wealthy and culturally diversed country. Although Kenya’s economic climate is progressively improvising, their education and the increase in population growth has cause major problems for Kenyans which is the primary reason for their lack of human development. Kenya was ranked 145 out 187 nations on the Human Development Index. â€Å"Kenya has been ranked lowly in a UN global survey on well-being and quality of life beyond annual economic growth rates† (Masha, 2013). According to the Human Development Index, Kenya has been declining on the developmental scale ever since 1980. Most of Kenya’s population lives under extreme poverty which is an average of 30 percent of the country. These facts will show a drastic picture for Kenya and their fight against poverty. Believe it or not, Kenya has one of the highest growing population in the world. â€Å"As a result of the booming population growth, the country faces a serious unemployment problem, which the government admits will worsen over the next decade despite its best efforts† (Mwembe, 1989). Unemployment is increasing more every day which unfortunately means poverty is rising. Currently more than half of Kenyans live under the poverty

Identify the various assumptions about children in early modern Europe, and analyze how these assumptions affected child-rearing practices free essay sample

During early modern Europe children were treated differently throughout that time. This of course changed how their parents treated them. In the early 16th century there was a lot of sicknesses and the infant mortality rate was high. Many children died and it was normal , so when a child reached adulthood they beat the odds and were special. During that time a lot of parents thought that being strict would be the best way to raise their children also at that time children were treated like adults because of that high death rate. A century later things changed and kids were being raised nicely and the parents weren’t as strict as before. Kids in the early modern Europe were seen as special, in need of guidance, and rational human beings. This caused the parents then to treat them either harshly or kind in order to raise them up. So in the 1500 kids were treated somewhat like adults just because of the fact that they could die at a young age. We will write a custom essay sample on Identify the various assumptions about children in early modern Europe, and analyze how these assumptions affected child-rearing practices or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Christoph Scheurl, a jurist and diplomat, says just this in his notes. He finds that delight in his five year old son and while he emphasises some child like things, like not being able to pronounce the â€Å"r†, he still treats his son very much like an adult. Again this is because of the high infant mortality rates. He holds him dearly and close to him and also treats him with more respect for a child. Martin Luther writes in a letter about how distraught he feels when his daughter dies. He says that she was very obedient and respectful. He is however as a father and protestant leader aware and respectful in that it was God’s will but he is still sad and is mourning his tragic loss. Parents loved their kids dearly at that time and respected them and showed them to respect so when their kids died it was very heartbreaking. At that time while you had some parents respect their children and treat them like adults you had people who felt that being strict, disciplinary, and overall harsh would make their kids stronger. An example of this is found in The Domostroi which is a Russian manual on household management. It says that in order to guide your son and show that you love him that you must â€Å"whip him often† and must also give him a good education. This of course was done in order to make the parents proud and to guide and make the child grow into a good and respected person. That may have seemed a little harsh to some other people in Europe but in the Russian society it was completely acceptable. In his autobiography, Benvenuto Cellini describes a time when he went to visit his son (who was born out of a wedlock) and when he wanted to leave his son started to cry and he still just left. This just shows how harshly some people were. His son was only two years old and he just left. While I understand that Cellini must have seen that since his son was born out of wedlock must be treated harshly and somewhat ignored because it was custom, it still would seem harsh to abruptly walk out on his crying son. This idea of harsh treatment did not escape the minds of the highest or wealthiest people. Even the king of France, Henry IV, felt the need of harsh treatment of his son Louis. In a letter to his governess he instructs her to whip his son every time he does something bad in order for him to grow into a better person. Henry wanted his son to grow into a great and respected king therefore he felt the need to discipline him for every mistake he committed. In the 17th century the ways of treating children switched once more. Parents started to treat their children like rational people who needed to be kindly raised. Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle, wrote about her upbringing and how it was pleasant. Instead of using harsh treatment and torment she brought up by reasoning and shown why she should act the way she should. This idea was not lost to others but was more strongly enforced with the Enlightenment and rationalism at the time. Since she was a duchess and her family was of high class these ideas would be something they would hear about and probably take into consideration. William Blundell , in his book An Exercise for the Children to Embolden Them in Speaking, writes that it is the fathers job to correct his daughter’s sin and that he should teach them and show them to follow God. Blundell wants to instill good Catholic ethics and morals into his daughter in order to stop here from sinning and making mistakes. John Locke also agrees that one should reason with their children. In Some Thoughts Concerning Education Locke says that we should reason with children but to their level. He says that we shouldn’ reason with them as if they were adults. He believes that children are blank slates and can be taught new and good things in order for them to grow into good people. Children were treated differently throughout time either kindly, rationally, or harshly. But what can be seen is that these ways changed based on the culture of the society and the events and movements taking place at that time.

Teenage Pregnancy Vs Parental Consent In Regards T Essay Example For Students

Teenage Pregnancy Vs Parental Consent In Regards T Essay o Abortions (Unwanted Abortions) Teenage Pregnancy Vs Parental Consent In Regards T Essayo Abortions (Unwanted Abortions) In todays society, Teenage Pregnancy has risen to substantial percentages. Teenage pregnancy has become an epidemic. Statistics show that Teenage pregnancy has reached at all time high percentage resulting in an high abortion percentage. According to Seventeen magazine, the April 99 issue, reports show that more than a million teenagers get pregnant yearly. Among them 50% have abortions of the other 50%, 96% keep their babies and 41% option for adoption. We will write a custom essay on Teenage Pregnancy Vs Parental Consent In Regards T specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now On the same report, teens who get pregnant before the age of 21, 80% dont intend to be so. Being a teenager has stresses of its own. Starting from adolesence, which is the ages of 12-17, brings on a major developmental process. For example: puberty, identity, and thinking abstractly. Just to name a few. While reviewing Family Planning Pespections, the Jan/Feb of 99 issue, stated that teenagers are not fit to make decisions as to whether or not to have an abortion. And thats where Parental Consent comes in to play. Alot of parents feel the need to control their teenagers. Being that teenagers are not fully developt, they have to be the second brain for them. Alot of young adults know more than we think. Even though they tend to make pretty bad decisions, does not mean they are completly clueless. Everyone has made or will make an unwise decision in their life some time or another. We just have to learn from our mistakes. That apart of growing up. Eventhough teen pregnancy has skyrocketed in this country, I dont fell that no one has the right to force any one into an unwanted abortion. Although most teens between the ages of 13-17 have no ideal what life is all about at this point; some do have a level of maturity to care for a child if taught right. I honestly feel that parents should not force their daughters into abortions. Teenagers are still yet fragile. An abortion can cause major psychological problems for a young girl mentally and physically due to the fact that abortions can cause sterility. We as parents need to help these young ones, teach them and show them what their doing wrong, not criticize them for what their doing. Health and Beauty Essays .

Nat. debt essays

Nat. debt essays The national debt is defined as the debt held by the government plus the debt held by the public. The national debt has been around for as long as our country has been. The increase of the national debt fluctuates over time, differently throughout each presidents term. Although President Bush did not cause the national debt he is strongly influencing the growth and continuance of it meaninglessly. Some will blame the increase on the current economic troubles of our nation. It is true that our nations economy is in a bad state right now but that would not cause the debt held by the public to increase any. In our current situation people are scarred to borrow or to spend money, so everyone is keeping what they earn and consuming less. If people are not spending or consuming then they are not borrowing or gaining any debt. That is one of the reasons why the interest rate is so low to try and encourage borrowing and spending, in an effort to stimulate the economy, but people are too scared to borrow or risk any of there own money. The terrorist attack on our nation has hurt the economy greatly. But that has little to do with the presidents spending policy. It is partially the reason for the tax breaks the president has planned, he is thinking putting money into our pockets will increase our spending which in turn with chain react us out of the recession we are in. According to Don Evans, one of the Presidents oldest pals and his head salesman on bushs new tax plan, the idea behind the new tax plan proposed in January of 2003 is a return to supply side economics which hasnt been used in the white house since the Reagan era. Reagan had the highest increase in the national debt out of any president, and now bush is returning to his plan for tax cuts. Possibly leading us into another era of huge gains in the national debt when there isnt a positive need for it, there are other ways to bring our count...

Essay on Siemens CSR

Essay on Siemens CSR Essay on Siemens CSR Sample essay on Siemens CSR: Siemens is an international company that deals with electronics. Over the years, the company has stood for technical achievements, quality, reliability and innovation. Siemens is the leading provider of technologies that are eco-friendly. In terms of energy efficiency, healthcare that is personalized and industrial productivity, Siemens is the pioneer. What Siemens can leverage Siemens can employ several strategies in order to leverage. The strategies will lead to long term growth of the company. One of such strategies is sustainability which means that the company will act responsibly in order to cater for future generations. The main aim of sustainability is to achieve social, economic and environmental progress (Voien 205) To achieve efficiency, Siemens is providing products that are innovative in the area of environment. The company is also aimed at providing solutions that will improve the Eco balance of its customers and that of itself. When it comesto business, the company mainly focuses on the creation of long term values. The company also fosters its employees so that they can be good citizens in the areas where the company operates. By implementing CSR, the company focuses on such issues as Innovation, human rights, diversity, employee qualifications and sustainability in the supply chain. All the members of the company contribute to sustainability of the company by carrying corporate functions such as those related to health, environment and safety. In order to be strategic in the market, Siemens can employ some strategic methods. First, it can expand its environment portfolio in order to increase its target and generate more revenue. The company can also come up with solutions that will assist in reducing greenhouse emissions by advancing green innovations. The other key strategy would be the involvement of stakeholders. This can be done by exchange of ideas by increasingly collaborating with organizations which will help them improve their sustainability. It is also crucial for the company to improve dialogue with stakeholders. Another strategy that the company can adopt is innovativeness (Voien 208). This can be achieved by unleashing creativity, potential and energy of their employees. The company should also strive to measure the success of their strategies by basing them on the feedback they get from their customers. The company should on a continuing basis update their portfolio with an aim to providing solutions to challenges that the society is facing. This will enable the company to provide sustainable values. With an aim to engage employees, the company can employ modern modes of social media such as Facebook and twitter. Such platforms for communication will enable the company to give employees a sense of freedom as they adopt modern modes of interaction and communication. Use of Microsoft technology will also enable the company to engage employees in the activities of the company. Siemens should also encourage democratic participation of employees in the activities of the company (Voien 218). This will enable the employees have a feeling of ownership of community programs and eventually efficiency will be improved in the long run. Panasonic Corporation has extensively used social media in marketing which is a shift from odd marketing strategies and leveraged on Facebook and LinkedIn company pages. Such pages are being used regularly for press release providing customers with an interactive community page for interaction. Panasonic Corporation tweets usually pop-up with messages proving customers with latest booths to visits, at the same time providing customers and the corporation with a platform to share their views and opinions on the company products. In conclusion, the CSR issues of Siemens are critical for the success and sustainability of the company. Customers of the company should be engaged so that they can give feedback on the products and services of the company. Our custom essay writing service can write a non-plagiarized essay, term paper or research paper on Siemens for you. Order custom papers written from scratch!

Market research and market evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Market research and market evaluation - Essay Example Kotler defines marketing research as "the systematic design, collection, analysis and reporting of data relevant to a specific marketing situation facing an organization" (Philip Kotler). It has a wide coverage which includes market potential and market share studies, assessments of customers' satisfaction and purchase behavior, studies of pricing, product, distribution and promotional activities (Philip Kotler). Another book defines marketing research as "a structured approach to getting information about marketing problems and opportunities, for use in making marketing decision" (Frederick Russ). It can be traced to the emergence of the affluent consumers after the World War II wherein marketers sought to convert this new purchasing power into sales therefore the necessity to know what the consumers want and need (Frederick Russ). "The marketing Research process has four steps: defining the problem and research objectives, developing the research plan, implementing the research plan and interpreting the report findings" (Philip Kotler). "Various methods of market research are used to find out information about markets, target markets and their needs, competitors, market trends, customer satisfaction with products and services, etc. Businesses can learn a great deal about customers, their needs, how to meet those needs and how the business is doing to meet those needs. Businesses need not to be experts at methods of research either" (Authenticity Consulting, LLC.) Data Collection can be from primary and from secondary sources. Primary Data Collection includes observation, survey and experiment which can be done personally or impersonally such as through mail or phone (Philip Kotler). Secondary data collection usually includes commercial data sources and online databases and ineternet data sources (Philip Kotler). Quantitative and Qualitative Methods Market research can be either quantitative or qualitative. While quantitative methods are designed to assess, predict and estimate buyer attitudes and behaviors (Power Decisions Group), qualitative marketing research provides the crucial information for the decision-makers and used in exploring new areas or deepen understanding of some market issues (Suite101.de). Quantitative market research can be online, phone,in-person, mail and intercept central location testing (CLT). "The online methods provides a fast implementation especially for complex measurement constructions, the phone provides the top-of-mind brand awareness and first reaction attitudes, the in-person has the hybrid quantitative and qualitative and provides depth in probing attitudes and beliefs by skilled interviewer, the mail allows time for respondent to think about complicated issues without pressure or interviewer influence and the CLT is for both the quantitative questions and for choice exercises in mock stores, and for physical product examiniation and concept testing "(Power Decisions Group). There are at least five considered basic methods of market research. They include surveys, focus groups, personal interview, observation and field trials (AllBusiness.com). Among these, the qualitative ones are focus group an in-depth interviews. Focus Groups

Does the internet degrades its users's cognitive quality Essay

Does the internet degrades its users's cognitive quality - Essay Example This paper is supposed to be a research opinion paper, so you are right to change this into a more argumentative one. Please strengthen this paper if possible by adding strong arguments, providing great coherence of logic flow, or including thought-provoking ideas. Does The Internet Degrade Its User’s Cognitive Quality? The internet is extremely prevalent these days; it has transformed human life from a normal life to a digital life. There are no life segments, in which the influence of internet is negligible. Business, education, communication, healthcare, culture and politics are some areas in which internet brought huge changes. The entire world is now divided into real world and virtual world. The activities going on the virtual world are almost equal in magnitude with the activities going on in the real world. In short, internet has made plenty of changes in the physical world. The influence of internet is not limited to the physical world alone; even mental activities un dergo rapid changes. One of affected mental activities is people’s cognitive skills; cognitive skills are brain-based skills that include set of abilities that are part of human actions. It involves logic, attention, memory, and perception. The efficiency and convenience that the internet provides is utilized by people in order to make their life much easier. Comparing internet research to hours of turning book pages to find relevant information and noting them down, the latter seems like a laborious and time-consuming task. After all, the internet provides relevant information from thousands of sources altogether in just a matter of seconds. But without being realized, it serves as a double-edged sword where it overindulges our brain and ruins our cognitive ability. The internet has made our lives much easier, but along with that it has degraded our cognitive quality. Being a student in this tech savvy generation, I am completely aware of the role the internet plays in our l ives. In fact today’s youth cannot even imagine getting through schools and colleges without the internet. The internet helps to complete academic tasks more easily because we have easy access to every piece of information one can ever imagine; it is all just a click away. The internet serves as huge library where one has access to information from all corners of the world. Even though lack of good editorial committees has flooded the internet with wrong information, the convenience of using the net to seek something, continues to be a preferred choice over browsing through books and journals. With the realization that using the internet to search for information is pretty convenient, people are becoming overly dependent on it, and slowly, their reasoning and problem solving skills are dropping. The internet provides readymade answers to all problems; therefore a student or researcher does not feel the need to think much about solving a problem. On the other hand, generations in the past were forced to think deeply to analyze different dimensions of a problem before identifying proper solution for that. The easiness in solving problem with the help of internet causes mental idleness. According to a study conducted by Karin Slegers, a Cognitive Psychologist, older adults who rely on the internet lose their cognitive functions much faster than their counterparts

Declining Portable Water Essay Example for Free

Declining Portable Water Essay â€Å"Water of life†. This is a famous Christianity word that reflects how important water is to our life. As we know, most drinkable water comes from the river, thus making river the main sources of potable water. However global warming is getting more and more serious nowadays causing a global rise in temperature and melt the ices at mountain’s peak. In the book ‘Pillar of Sand’ by Sandra Postel, Postel says that major Asia’s rivers like Ganges, Indus and Yellow river depends on the snowpack mountains for their flow. Despite that, the rises in temperature has causes the snow to melt faster and an increase in rainfall, drying up the river especially during dry season. Even the famous Andes, Rockies and Alps rivers is said to soon face this problem which mean there will be a worldwide water shortage should these rivers dry up. Therefore, this essay will talk about what will happen when there is a decline in potable water. Global water pollution caused by sewage and animal waste has resulted in overdose of nutrients and sediments in rivers, lakes and sea.(Tasha Eichenseher, March 2010) This causes eutrophication which is a situation where algae growth increases; resulted in lack of oxygen in the river. That eventually decreases the values of the rivers, lakes and esturaries for recreation, fishing, hunting and aesthetic enjoyment. In addition to that, health problems can occur where eutrophic condition interferes with drinking water treatment. To sum it up, water pollution caused by sewage and animal waste is the root of the decline in drinkable water as it pollutes the rivers and also the treated water. In addition to the above, polluted water is also said to be the causes of diseases. According to the World Health Organization, up to half of humanity has one of the six main diseases – diarrhea, schistosomiasis, trachoma, infestation with ascaris, guinea worm, or hookworm at any time because of poor drinking water and inadequate sanitation. This shows that lack of safe drinking water, as water are polluted, can causes various dangerous spreadable diseases w hich can endangered our life. For example, it is predicted by Amin Zakaria in his column in The Star on July 9, 2008, that in 2009, diarrhea death toll will be like four jumbo jets of children crashing every day. Therefore, it is not exaggerating to say that human waste is the ultimate weapon of mass destruction as lack of adequate sanitation in usable water for more than a third of the Earth’s population is one of the biggest scandals in the last 50 years. This lack of clean water situation is further worsen when there is a decline in clean water. According to Tan Ee-Beng on 2008 in the Environmental Health Perspectives, of a population of roughly 6.1 billion, more than 1 billion lack access to potable water. His statement is further proven when a report from UNESCO on 2009 says that China currently has less than an estimated 49 billion cubic meters of renewable water resources when in the decades before 2000, this country owns an average of about 66 billion cubic meters of renewable water resources. In conclusion, knowing that there is a decline in clean water, the best way is to combat this issue soonest possible. Government should also urges the public to save water by increasing the water bill after the usual 50 liters usage. In addition to that, government should also increase the capacity of the water reservoir in the country. For example the current Selangor water issue between Peter Chin and Selangor state Government should be resolve soonest possible so that Langat 2 can be built and provide water for people of Selangor till 2025. We as citizen should also play a part by not wasting these precious water as to lessen the need to treat the water to be use again.

All Around the Town :: All Around the Town

All Around the Town    Mary Higgins Clark started her writing career writing suspense stories and she hasn't changed very much since then.   All her books are very interesting to read and they will always keep your attention to the end.  Ã‚     All Around the Town was one of the stories written by Mary Higgins Clark.   This book was a suspenseful, interesting, intriguing book.   It held my interest until the end.   The plot was twisty and unpredictable which meant that I would never get bored.   The story takes place in Ridgewood, New Jersey.   It takes place from June 1974 to about September 1991.   This effects the rest of the story because this is the time period that the main character had her abduction and her multiple personalities started to form.     The main character in this story was Laurie Kenyon, a four year old girl in the beginning of the story who eventually grows up to be a twenty-one year old woman.   She has blond hair, green eyes and a fragile little body.   Sarah Kenyon is present throughout the story.   She is Laurie's sister and helps Laurie deal with all her problems as best she can.   Bic and Opal were Laurie's abductors.   Bic had a beard and his arms had a lot of curly hair.   He was a very domineering person towards Opal and Laurie.   Opal had long stringy hair and had a plain face.   She was passive and did whatever she was told.   They were con-artist who fooled everyone they met.   They were mean and didn't care about anybody else but themselves.   Justin Donnelly was the psychiatrist who helped Laurie with therapy and helped find the real person that was within her all along.     The story begins when Laurie Kenyon was abducted by Bic and Opal when she was four years old.   They abused her sexually and mentally when they had her for those two, long, tedious years.   When they were doing these things to her such as sexually abusing her she would place herself in a different state of mind, which over time began to be her altered personalities.   She had four main altered personalities which were Leona, the woman in Laurie, Debbie, the baby or woos, Kate, the strong leader of the bunch, and Lee, the little scared shy nine year old boy who helped, in the end, bring all the personalities together as one.

Analysis of “The Story of an Hour” by Kate Chopin Essay

The short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour† was written by Kate Chopin and first appeared in 1984. It tells about the ‘one hour’ brief story of the main protagonist, Louise Mallard, and her reaction upon hearing the news of her husband’s death by a car accident. And because she had a heart problem, her sister Josephine and her husband’s friend Richards decided to break to her the news as gently as possible. Not long after the supposedly bad news was revealed, Brently, Louise’s husband, suddenly comes home alive disproving the former, causing death to her by heart attack. Majority of the story’s progression revolve around Louise’s reaction upon hearing the news about her husband’s death (Brian, 2001). The scenes where Louise isolate herself in her room and savor her new-found freedom add up to the hanging idea of the real reason behind her death. It seems that the author actually give two possible emotional state to answer the underlying question of Louise’s joyful death: one is that she has become too overwhelmed to see her husband alive in contrary to the news about his involvement in a recent car accident and the other one is that she is saddened by the realization of the freedom that she thought she will have after hearing her husband’s loss is completely taken away from her again. Contrasting Representations Suprisingly, the short-story is written in complete contrasts of the main theme. First of these contrasting representations within the story is Louise’s reaction upon hearing the news. The news about her husband’s death should bring her agony and tears but instead; she sits calmly â€Å"facing the open window, a comfortable, roomy armchair. † Here we see a strange approach to the situation with the word â€Å"comfortable† being used to modify the chair near the window. Louise, a new widow herself, must not see the chair as â€Å"comfortable† as it seems just right after hearing the unbearable news of her husband’s death. Added to this, the scene outside the window also symbolizes something in contrast to the story’s progression. The spring day from the view outside her window shows a contrasting image to the situation she has. The spring is a symbol of â€Å"rebirth† or â€Å"new life† thus the spring prognosticates Louise’s new life after Brently’s death. Another interesting symbol in the story is the description of the view laid upon Louise’s eyes as she sits near the window: â€Å"The delicious breath of rain was in the air. In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which some one was singing reached her faintly, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves† (Brian, 2001). For the readers, the description made by Louise about the view she was seeing clouds what her true emotions were at that moment. It seemed that as she isolated herself in a room, she completely disregarded the news of her husband’s death. These representations had become tricky in contrasting the main theme the story supposes to have or tell. Kate Chopin’s idea of a Joyful Death: Appearance versus Conflict What the readers may discover in reading this story is the possibility that there is an ironic truth behind the death of the main protagonist’s beloved. In the main setting of the story where Louis sits in a comfortable chair, she mouth over the words we never expect to read or hear from her. She seems to be happy rather than being sad about Brently’s loss with what the story emphasizes on her shouting â€Å"free, free, free! † The freedom she pertains here signifies of her having the will to live a life all by herself, after her husband is gone. As she plays a youthful characteristic of a woman, it is a well played proof that she was indeed after the freedom, of doing what she want to do and make decisions for herself. With this fact, the story seems to have a conflict of its own: conflict between the ideas of appearance and reality. From the moment that the story emphasizes about Louise having her â€Å"freedom† at last, it could suggest the notion to the reader(s) that she is not saddened by the news. Unlike what she had shown in the central point of the story, Louise somehow is expected to grieve by the people around her, all having the idea that her marriage with Brently was a happy one. This is what her sister Josephine completely understood with her reaction as she misinterprets Louise’s behavior and thinking. She hysterically calls out her sister in the room, believing that Louise is heart-broken but in reality, Louise is more lightened up by the news. The doctors’ judgment about Louise’s death also deals with this conflict. For them, it seemed that Louise died after realizing that her husband is alive. This appearance of Louise’s happiness is more illustrated when they predicted that due to heart attack â€Å"of joy that kills† (Brians, 2001). Never did they think of the reality that she died because of another reason. That she dies because she was heart-broken to recognize the truth that she will not be able to gain her freedom as what she expected earlier. Role of Woman versus Man Another conflict in the story accentuates the role of woman versus man in the society. It is illustrated in the story that Louise is a submissive wife to Brently. But there is an internal struggle within her that tells that she was not happily married at all. As what Louise thinks, â€Å"What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being† justifies more to the idea that she, indeed, had loved Brently but more were the times she feel not. Maybe for Brently, Louise appeared to be happy with their relationship or he thinks and assumes that she is. Apparently, Louise wanted more the freedom she had felt for in that short while. After finding out the truth that she was not yet totally free, she had thought that only by death that she would took possession of it at last. There in death she would find peace and liberty. Ironically, Louise took the realization that her husband was alive and chose to die in able to attain the freedom she longed for. Character Analysis Chopin made her characters compliment along with the theme of the story. The main character, Louise plays a youthful wife who tends to have her freedom despite her marriage with Brently. Her youth marked up the end of her life and this irony of life, of choosing liberty by death, seemed to be one of the uncertain situations in the matter of choosing life over death. Brently, although his character is not discussed further on in the story, seemed to be playing a role of a husband who wants her wife under his control. Louise would never want liberation if he was a good man to her. His characteristic gives a deeper impact in the story, making Louise choose to die with freedom rather than living with him in a life full of despair. Josephine, Louise’s sister, was recognized here as a doting sister who takes care of her and all the matters that has a connection with her. Josephine, together with Richards, had taken care of gently telling to her the â€Å"death† of her husband Brently. She half-concealed the truth, in order for Louise to accept it without suffering her heart problem. Richards, Louise’s friend, is the one who brought the news to the house, he is responsible for assuring Brently’s death. As he rushes to tell the news to his friend, there is a suggestive truth that he was worried about what his friend’s reaction would be after hearing the news. If he had not rushed over to deliver the news, there is a possibility that Brently could arrive first in the house and justify that his name in the news is a big mistake, preventing Louise’s death and would have lived more. Apart from Brently, Richards is also responsible for the protagonist’s death. The story gives us the impression that not every death could bring grief to someone. It could be, in another way, a joyful event. Chopin had also brought about the issues of women and their role in the society. The story, written in the nineteenth-century, showed how women years back had no rights to be at their own will. Women then were still under the prying eyes of the society and men dominate over them. Chopin tackles a lot of moral issue within the story. Her story suggests that it would still be better if women of her own time maintain their roles in the society. In the nineteenth-century, men are expected to be superior over women and not the other way around, not what Louise wanted to be. Her insights within the story inspires us with the vision of what harmonious relationships are ought to be and the wide complexity in bearing the contrasting truth between appearance and reality. References: Brians, Paul. et al. Reading about the World. (Vol. 2) 3rd Edition. Texas: Harcourt Brace College, 2001.

Oedipal Complex in the Tragedy of Hamlet Essay

How might the Oedipal complex factor into the tragedy of Hamlet? Oedipal complex Freud’s theory of stages of development for boys To describe a boy’s feelings of desire for his mother and jealously and anger towards his father Also thought boys felt they were in a completion with their father for possession of his mother His father is looked at as a rival They boy is observing his father in hopes of being like him or even better Those that carry on these feelings into adulthood are considered to have an Oedipus Complex During the Gibson movie Hamlet hates his uncle/step father; Claudius which Freud says is alright. Claudius is now the new king of Denmark We guess Hamlet would have taken the throne eventually if Queen Gertrude had not remarried. It seems like Claudius and Hamlet have built a rivalry and are in a competition for Gertrude. Because Hamlet feels like Claudius has taken his place next to Gertrude. One of the most controversial scenes in the Gibson movie is when Hamlet goes into Gertrude’s bedroom and confronts her about Claudius. He tells her not to have sex with Claudius (jealousy) He’s obsessed with the thought of his mother in bed During this confrontation there is a lot of sexual tension between the two The movie shows them passionately kissing What other comparisons can we draw between Hamlet and Oedipus? Similarities Differences Oedipus earned the trust of his people Oedipus acts on his actions How could one make the argument that the mother figure is the root of all problems in the play? What is the role of King Hamlet’s ghost in the play? How do you know that it is not a figment of Hamlet’s imagination? Why can’t Gertrude see it? Does Hamlet love Ophelia? How does one obtain power in Hamlet? Explain the importance or lack of importance of thinking and action. How do the Id, Ego, and Superego emerge in the play? At what point in the movie do you believe Hamlet crossed â€Å"a line of madness†? Does he come back? When? How is Hamlet being portrayed in the Gibson movie, the other movie, and the play? What other dramatic differences can you identity among the play’s text, the Gibson version, and the third version that you viewed? The biggest difference between the play and the Gibson version is that Fortinbus isn’t mentioned.

A Substantive Editor Is a Writers Coach

A Substantive Editor Is a Writers Coach A Substantive Editor Is a Writer’s Coach A Substantive Editor Is a Writer’s Coach By Mark Nichol Various editorial job titles abound editorial director, managing editor, senior editor, for starters but one you probably won’t see on a business card is â€Å"substantive editor.† Yet it’s the most important responsibility in the editorial process. Why, then, is it so obscure? The answer is simple: Substantive editing is a function undertaken by people identified by any of an array of other job titles (including senior editor). The substantive editor is often the first point of contact for a writer seeking to be published. At a periodical, the person assigning or accepting articles or essays known as a senior editor, a features editor, or the like does the substantive editing. In a book-publishing company, an acquisitions editor may negotiate a book deal with the writer and/or the writer’s literary agent, but it is the substantive editor often, in that environment, called a developmental editor who actually helps the writer polish the manuscript that earned them the publishing contract. (Sometimes the acquisitions editor is also the substantive editor.) This significant step in the editorial process involves at least one intensive reading of the content, followed by correspondence and an exchange of drafts that is more or less extensive depending on the publication, the timeline, and the condition of each successive draft. The substantive editor helps the writer tighten a manuscript’s scope, helping them focus on what works and what doesn’t by either revising or directing revisions of, or deleting or suggesting deletion of, passages or even entire chapters. The editor recommends reordering of chapters in nonfiction, or adding of scenes or dropping of subplots in fiction, and asks questions and makes comments that help clarify the writer’s objective or express their message. Substantive editing includes ensuring that writing is well organized and flows easily, and coaching the writer on sentence structure and word choice. For a fiction manuscript, the substantive editor works with the writer on plot, tone, character, setting, and other components of a novel or short story. Moreover, the editor helps the writer express a thesis or set the stage for a story, and reach a conclusion or bring a tale to a close and everything in between. The editor will make sure that nonfiction conveys authority and fiction supports character motivation. In sum, the substantive editor is the writer’s collaborator and their greatest ally. The editor shares the writer’s desire to succeed in crafting the best possible content. Writers even talented, established writers must remind themselves that whenever an editor suggests a course contrary to the writer’s wishes, the advice is generally sound. Some self-publishers essay writers, for the most part can get away without participating in this type of relationship, but the work of authors who produce a print or online book without such collaboration almost invariably suffer. Call me biased, but if something is worth publishing, it’s worth publishing well. Make sure a substantive editor is part of your team. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†How to Punctuate Descriptions of ColorsPassed vs Past

Recasting a Paragraph in the Past Tense Exercise

Recasting a Paragraph in the Past Tense Exercise This recasting exercise will give you practice in using the appropriate past-tense forms of regular and irregular verbs. Instructions The following paragraph has been adapted from Memorandum, an essay by E.B. White (One Mans Meat, 1944). Rewrite Whites paragraph, eliminating the phrase ought to wherever it appears and putting the italicized verbs in the past tense. Follow the example below. Example Original SentenceI ought to knock the wedges out from the frames of the pier, put a line on the frames, and tow them in on the high water.Sentence Recast in the Past TenseI knocked the wedges out from the frames of the pier, put a line on the frames, and towed them in on the high water. Memorandum I ought to take up the wire fence round the chicken range today, roll it up in bundles, tie them with six-thread, and store them at the edge of the woods. Then I ought to move the range houses off the field and into the corner of the woods and set them up on blocks for the winter, but I ought to sweep them out first and clean the roosts with a wire brush... I ought to add a bag of phosphate to the piles of hen dressing that have accumulated under the range houses and spread the mixture on the field, to get it ready for plowing... On my way in from the range I ought to stop at the henhouse long enough to climb up and saw off an overhanging branch from the apple tree. I shall have to get a ladder of course and a saw. When you have completed the exercise, compare your work with the revised paragraph below.​ Memorandum  (Recast in the Past Tense) I  took  up the wire fence  round  the chicken range today,  rolled  it up in bundles,  tied  them with six-thread, and  stored  them at the edge of the woods. Then I  moved  the range houses off the field and into the corner of the woods and  set  them up on blocks for the winter, but I  swept  them out first and  cleaned  the  roosts  with a wire brush... I  added  a bag of phosphate to the piles of  hen  dressing that  had  accumulated under the range houses and  spread  the mixture on the field, to get it ready for plowing... On my way in from the  range  I  stopped  at the henhouse long enough to climb up and saw off an overhanging branch from the apple tree. I  had  to get a ladder of course and a saw. Related Revision Exercises Recasting a Paragraph in the Past Tense II: From In the Heart of the Heart of the Country by William GassRecasting a Paragraph in the Past Tense III: From  Appalachian Wilderness  by Edward Abbey

Unusual Life of the Ocean Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unusual Life of the Ocean - Research Paper Example Their cells are the largest on this planet, with the ability to grow up to four inches (Piper). Though large, their ability to survive lies in their fragility. Their structure can easily be destroyed by a larger movement of water, yet they are able to absorb large amounts of water, mercury, lead and other metals, thus being immune to pollution. At the same time, they can grow in almost complete darkness, at a high pressure. Besides xenophyophores, other forms of life exist at such deep levels. Jellyfish survive there as well (Piper). Over 200 different types of microorganisms were found to exist there as well (Dohrer). Unusual â€Å"translucent, sea-cucumber-like animals called holothurians† live there as well (Dohrer). Though also found on the surface, snails in the Trench have adapted to the pressure by developing soft shells (Dohrer). Though high pressure makes survival for most species impossible, in the Mariana Trench animal life managed to adapt. Precisely because it is more fragile, life in the deep is more able to withstand the pressure and darkness than life forms we are accustomed to

Apples Competitive Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Apples Competitive Strategy - Case Study Example The competitive strategies that a company employs determine the success or failure of an enterprise. The company uses Porters’ generic strategies to wade through the competitive market. Apple uses three generic strategies to compete effectively. The strategies include a broad differentiation strategy, best cost provider, and a focus market strategy. Apple differentiates its products from others in terms of design, unique features such as having its unique operating system, and quality of products (Hamilton &Webster, 2012). In addition, the company offers unique online services for its device users. By so doing, the company products are differentiable from others in the market. The uniqueness of the products in both operational experience, durability and support services have a positive impact on the demand for Apple products worldwide, thus edging out close competitors. Apple is concerned about offering products that offer the greatest value for money. The best-cost provider strategy ensures that Apple customers pay higher prices for high-quality products and after-sales services. Apple specializes in the manufacture of high-quality products that are feature-rich, and coincide with customers’ expectations. The company manufactures gadgets that appeal to a specific market in both features and price. The premium pricing strategy assists the company is concentrating on a narrower market since the returns are higher in the high price narrow market than a large low-price market. Apple’s strategy aims at maximizing profits rather than having a wider market share. As noted above, Apple is more concerned with profits as opposed to a wider market share. The company specializes in a small focus market that is mainly comprised of high-income earners. The company endeavors to provide the market with the best products and services to lock them in to become loyal customers.  Ã‚  

Information Systems Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information Systems Risk Management - Essay Example Often times in a project, expectations are not met that are defined in scope and the WBS.   Thus, creating contingency strategies is pivotal towards executing a successful project.   One of the most pivotal contingency strategies is to have a high incremental cost of resources. Resources are often less expensive when they are bought in bulk, but expensive if they are purchased incrementally.   Hence, it is critical to have software and other resources purchased in bulk to avoid paying extra money.   Another key strategy is to have collaborative sessions on a day-to-day basis.   Often times the project falls behind because individuals are not aware of unexpected circumstances that can occur. Keeping on track with their progress on day to day basis can be truly helpful in the long run. This becomes problematic as the project due date comes closer since many smaller tasks may not be captured in the WBS itself.One of the biggest concerns for closing a project is the end the fin er details of the store. This becomes more problematic the project does not achieve optimal results. This is where the project may fall. For instance, The Project Manager should produce confirmation from the Senior User or User Group that the final product or outcome of the project meets the acceptance criteria.  Often times in a project, expectations are not met that are defined in scope and the WBS.   Thus, creating contingency strategies is pivotal towards executing a successful project.

Marlowes Doctor Faustus Analysis Predetermination And Free Will

Marlowes Doctor Faustus Analysis Predetermination And Free Will Sinfield has discussed about Calvinism, underpinning the Elizabethan orthodoxy which would regard Faustus not as damned because he makes a pact with the Devil, but as making a pact with the Devil because he is already damned.(353) He very well portrays the idea that because Faustus got involved in a sin, he was bound to be damned. At another instance his claim, If Faustus doesnt have it, there is nothing he can do. (355) nullifies any possibility of justifying his wrong conduct. At times it cannot be called a Calvinist play as God is exceedingly good in gifts, until the Faustus becomes a victim of his insatiable desire even when God is willing to forgive, if he repents. But Faustus intentionally refuses all the aid and goes down to damnation. Doctrine of Calvinism was on rise in England and under the direction of Puritan theologian. Calvinism means theological first promoted by John Calvin in (150 9-1564 ).He was one of leaders of Protestant reformation. It laid the foundation for reformed theology. Calvinism is contrasted with Lutheranism with which it divided the heritage of the Reformation. Calvinism and Lutheranism both discussed the principles of predestination and justification by faith. Calvinism sees God in all life activity and also in salvation. In first place predestination is not formative principle of Calvinism, it has only logical implications. It is not the root from which Calvinism springs out, but acts as branch of Calvinism. By the end of Act 1, Faustus appears to have made up his mind to sell his soul to the devil in exchange for twenty-four years in which he will live in all voluptuousness (1.3.94). Act 2, Scene 1 opens with another soliloquy in a long soliloquy, Faustus reflects on the most rewarding type of scholarships. He considers law, quoting the Byzantine emperor Justinian, but dismisses the law as too petty, dealing with trivial matters rather than larger ones. Divinity, the study of religion and theology, seems to offer wider vistas, but he quotes from St. Jeromes Bible that all men sin and finds the Bibles assertion that [t]he reward of sin is death an unacceptable doctrine. He then dismisses religion and fixes his mind on magic, which, when properly pursued, he believes will make him a mighty god (1.62). In Act1 Scene1, the lines Thinks thou that I, who saw the face of God, and tasted the eternal joys of heaven, Am not tormented with ten thousand hells in being deprived of everlasting bliss?, establish the fact the Faustus had given up on his fate and believed that he is the master of his own destiny. While the predestination involved a complete dependency on God and advocated for supremacy of Gods free will, Faustus wanted to challenge the sovereignty of God and experiment his own free will. He took a different route in principles other than the natural logic of salvation process professed by his friends and other scholars. He relied on the strength of human effort alone. Faustus had mastered all the subjects he read. This play emphasizes the fact that knowledge when misutilized can lead to destruction. Faustus wanted to study magic instead metaphysics. He gained knowledge through evil. Faustus possessed insatiable thirst for knowledge and fanaticism and showed deep interest in necromancy. Faustus rejected traditional study and turned towards magic and wanted to practice necromancy. He looked forward to the advantages which he would gain as a magician. He was a Renaissance man and experienced inner conflict, when the good angel dissuades him from practicing magic. The evil angel wanted that he should go forward and practice magic. Doctor Faustus is a Christian tragedy as Marlowe has depicted human soul as a battle field. Doctor Faustus is a victim of his conceptions and misconception. As is true throughout the play, however, Marlowe uses Faustuss own words to expose Faustuss blind spots. In his initial speech, for example, Faustus establishes a hierarchy of disciplines by showing which are nobler than others. He does not want merely to protect mens bodies through medicine, nor does he want to protect their property through law. He wants higher things, and so he proceeds on to religion. There, he quotes selectively from the New Testament, picking out only those passages that make Christianity appear in a negative light. He reads that [t]he reward of sin is death, and that [I]f we say we that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and there is no truth in us (1.40-43). The second of these lines comes from the first book of John, but Faustus neglects to read the very next line, which states, If we confess our sins, [God] is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousn ess (1 John 1:9). Thus, through selective quoting, Faustus makes it seem as though religion promises only death and not forgiveness and so he easily rejects religion with a fatalistic What will be, shall be! Divinity, adieu! (1.48). Meanwhile, he uses religious language-as he does throughout the play-to describe the dark world of necromancy that he enters. These metaphysics of magicians / and necromantic books are heavenly (1.49-50), he declares without a trace of irony. Having gone upward from medicine and law to theology, he envisions magic and necromancy as the crowning discipline. Sinfiled as a critic has argued that God is silent on this occasion as he writes, If Faustuss heart is hardened and he cannot repent, who has hardened it? (356). Besides this Faustuss repentance is insincere, and that he consistently fails to repent not because he is suffering from theologically-induced despair, but because he is afraid of the devils and constantly distracted by the frivolous entertainments they stage for him, like the pageant of the seven deadly sins which follows this episode. One could argue as well that the play does represent the Christian God as loving and merciful, and shows human beings to be free to shape their own spiritual destinies. The Good and Evil Angels, after all, seem to give dramatic form to Faustuss freedom to choose: he has a choice between good and evil, and he chooses evil in full knowledge of what the consequences will be. As late as Act 5, Scene 1, the Old Man appears on stage to drive home the availability of Gods mercy if only Faustus will sincerely repent his sins. Looked at from this perspective, it is Faustus and not God who is responsible for the terrible fate that greets him at the close of the play. Conclusively, Marlowe has planned the demise of Faustus in such a way that the argument, There are two traps in the play. One is set by God for Dr.Faustus; the other is set by Marlowe, for God. (361) holds true. Doctor Faustus is an Elizabethan tragedy. The play deals with the will of God and the hero defies it. The main focus is on human will. Faustus brings tragedy for himself. Faustus decides to follow the path as told by Valdes and Cornelius and practices black magic. Faustus himself calls Mephistopheles. This can be inferred as a fact supporting predestination from the lines, Mephistopheless intervention would be part of Faustuss punishment within the divine predestination.(354)Out of pride Faustus seeks world of profit, delight and power. Faustus signs pact with Mephistopheles to enjoy worldly pleasure. In the Prologue and through the first chorus his doom is before us in clear and emphatic terms. We are that swollen with pride in his attainments , he forgets about salvation. (354) Mephistopheles by responding to Faustus demands, gives answers on Hell, makes him invisible so that he can irritate Pope who was at a feast in the company of the Cardinal of Lorraine. So it was destined by God to put Mephistopheles to make full use of pride and bringing damnation and ultimately death of Faustus. This is evident from Sinfields discussion on point of having a Good Angel as, The role of the Good Angel is to tell Faustus what he ought to do but cannot, so that he will be unable to claim ignorance when God taxes him with wickedness. Sinfield raises the possibility that the play was written to embarrass Protestant doctrine.(358) He also wrote If Faustus was guided by Mephistopheles, the decision was Gods. For Protestant thought could not tolerate devils wandering around the world at whim: God does not just allow their activities, he contracts out tasks to them. There exists many contradictions in the play but eventually one may feel as imperfections exist in human so why not in a character of a play. The ultimate authority to decide lies in the hands of the readers. Last not the least Sinfields thought substantial texts are in principle likely to be written across ideological faultlines because that is the most interesting kind of writing; they may well not be susceptible to any decisive reading. (359) is more convincing.

Provide Evidence in a Prosecution Case :: science

Provide Evidence in a Prosecution Case Experiments to Provide Evidence in a Prosecution Case with the Pervis Vinegar Company on Unknown Toxins The aim of this experiment is to preform tests on two samples of vinegar, one that is commercially safe and the other not (from the Pervis Company) to determine the unknown toxin contained in the Pervis Vinegar. Materials: * Numerous Beakers/Conical Flasks * Phenolphthalein Indicator * Burette * Numerous Test Tubes * Sticky Tape * Test Tube Rack * Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) * Calculator * Sample of Commercially Safe Vinegar * 2 Surgical Swabs (large cotton bud) * Sample of Pervis Vinegar (Toxic) * 2 Agar Gel Plates * Universal Indicator * Incubator Oven * Incubator * Bunsen Burner * Water * 2 Small Syringes * Potassium Chromate Solution * Hydrochloric Acid Methods To fully determine and identify the unknown toxin present in the Pervis vinegar sample, four tests were needed. A molarity test was completed, a sample of the vinegar was then allowed to grow on an agar plate to ascertain whether bacteria were present and a pH test would also be done. The final test was a precipitant test to discover if the heavy metal Lead was present in the Pervis sample. A titration experiment was now set up using Sodium Hydroxide solution as the alkali in the burette with a molarity 0.01177 and 25ML of Pervis vinegar was placed in the beaker underneath the burette. Approximately four drops of Phenolphthalein indicator where added to the Pervis vinegar and then the measured amounts of NaOH were slowly added to the vinegar. The burette needed to be refilled several times and the average amount of NaOH solution needed to neutralise the Pervis vinegar was 181.5 ML. That same experiment was then tried using commercially safe vinegar in the beaker below the burette. Four drops of Phenolphthalein indicator were again placed in the vinegar and then measured amounts of NaOH were released from the burette into the beaker. This was completed three tines with the average NaOH needed to neutralise the safe vinegar approximately 154.5 ML. These amounts for the NaOH added were then recorded for later analysis. The pH test was now done with both samples of vinegar. Two test tubes were placed in a test tube holder and 14ML of each sample of vinegar poured into one of the test tubes. About two drops of Universal Indicator were placed in the test tubes and the reaction colourers were recorded for later use.

Prescribing Art In Mental Health Health And Social Care Essay

Most practicians rely on traditional methods ( antidepressants, CBT and reding ) to pull off mental wellness upsets and merely a minority have an consciousness, understanding or credence of the usage of art as a possible intercession. Critics of ‘art for mental wellness ‘ highlight the wealth of anecdotal and subjective grounds sing wellbeing and self-esteem betterments and the deficiency of quantitative, randomised controlled informations. While the exact mechanism/s of ‘healing ‘ or wellness betterment is a topic for argument, surveies have shown quantitative wellness betterments through art engagement ( shorter infirmary corsets, reduced depression symptoms ) 1,2 These benefits have been recognised and encouraged by many authorities documents, enterprises and reappraisals. In recent old ages, nevertheless, their stated visions and hereafter purposes have produced small direct action and the exact function of art within the boundaries of modern medical specialty is ill defined.Personal aimTo see my ain prepossessions of utilizing art as a direction scheme in mental wellness and to reflect on how my position has changed as a effect of a literature reappraisal and active engagement.PreconceptionsTo measure my ain acquisition and development, it seems appropriate to document my preconceived thoughts sing the engagement of art as a intervention for psychological conditions. Previous experience as an antidepres sant representative for a pharmaceutical company taught me that art psychotherapeutics is a utile adjunct to medicines in ‘moderate ‘ disease and a utile standalone therapy for ‘mild ‘ depression and anxiousness. As a medical pupil, I instinctively grouped art-based therapy together with ‘alternative therapy ‘ and mentally stereotypic categories to doing clayware and picture flowers. While many of my co-workers view all alternate therapies as a ‘waste of resources ‘ or ‘placebo at best ‘ , I have ever kept an unfastened head, believing art likely can assist certain patients. On contemplation, my premise is based upon my theory of causing ; industrialization and consumerism has created an environment, which for many of us is non contributing to mental well-being. From an evolutionary position we are societal animals, designed to be physically active, necessitating regular societal battle and submergence within the ‘natural ‘ environment. This provides creativeness, security, pleasance and support. Today, our inert and frequently stray concrete environment replacement ‘s creativeness for multimedia input. For many, particularly those with any susceptibleness, this being allows psychological jobs to boom. Through take parting in originative activities, I believe that certain societal, environmental and cognitive demands are met. For some, the societal and synergistic facets of art therapy might let the look of suppressed feelings, doing this a signifier of indirect guidance. While my theory might be deemed nonsensical to some, or intuitive to others, the inquiry arises ; should this be funded on the NHS? While art intercessions will offer benefits to some, as a pupil of evidence-based pattern, I need converting. By its really nature, nevertheless, I expect to happen an inordinate sum of literature on instance surveies and descriptions of ‘improve-wellbeing ‘ . I am cognizant that GPs have been able to order art for a figure of old ages, doing me optimistic that robust quantitative grounds and cost-effectiveness analysis exists. By carry oning a literature reappraisal and attention categories myself, I hope to go better informed, to acquire a clearer thought of what art intercession can offer. It would besides be good to reason whether in this clip of fiscal load, the grounds supports the usage of art for mental wellness on the NHS.Literature reappraisalThe grounds for utilizing art to handle mental wellness day of the months back to the 1940 ‘s. Improved communicating was observed between psychopathology inmates and creative persons, the birth of art psychotherapeutics. Since so the literature contains a wealth of anecdotal benefits back uping humanistic disciplines engagement for mental wellness patients. There is a distinguishable deficiency, nevertheless, of unequivocal decisions or systematic reappraisals. This is highlighted by the first ‘art on prescription ‘ strategy ( 1991 ) , where Stockport GPs prescribed art based therapies to their mental wellness patients. Unfortunately quanti tative informations collected was limited to a general wellness questionnaire, which merely noted a 5-point betterment in overall wellness over 15-weeks ( n=33 ) .3 In 2000, the Health Development Agency ( HDA ) reviewed the grounds of wellness benefits offered through community-based humanistic disciplines undertakings, included mental wellness projects.4 They concluded that although there was sufficient, albeit anecdotal, grounds for betterments in patient well-being and self-pride ; ‘Evaluation harmonizing to wellness standards is infrequent ‘ . ‘It is impossible to give precise inside informations of improved wellness, peculiarly in the visible radiation of the fact that so few undertakings straight provide information on wellness, or societal affairs related to wellness, which are based on formal instruments of measuring ‘ . In 2002, the HDA commissioned the Centre for Arts and Humanities in Health and Medicine ( CAHHM ) to reexamine and measure community-based humanistic disciplines in wellness ‘ . While mental-health was non specifically addressed, the study criticised rating, quantitative evidence,5 sample sizes and highlighted disagreements between healer purposes and medical outlooks, proposing that in future undertakings ; ‘ †¦ .all parties clarify their purposes, premises and demands ‘ . It was non until 2004, when a study by Rosalia Staricoff mentioning 364 documents was published, that a specific literature reappraisal described how single modes of art can profit mental illness.6 She concluded that engagement with art improves self look, creativeness, self-esteem, stress degrees and communicating between service users, their households and the suppliers. It was besides fresh for this type of reappraisal that she offered some medical accounts for the betterments, largely in footings of physiological impact. Sing the unfavorable judgments sing research methodological analysis discussed therefore far, it might be expected to happen a figure of randomized controlled, robust surveies published within the last five old ages. While this reappraisal found many little undertakings and mental wellness anecdotes in reappraisal documents, merely one quantitative survey, published in a scientific research diary was identified. In 2007, 30 patients having chemotherapy who were assigned to a H2O painting category, had significantly reduced ( p=0.021 ) depressive symptoms compared to those assigned to no activity.7 More late ( 2007 ) , the Humanistic disciplines Council produced an extended papers sing art for wellness, which included mental health.8 While it included elaborate information on instance surveies and good pattern, it was light on robust decisions of clinical and curative results, with one major exclusion. Singing for the encephalon demonstrated the important curative benefits singing has upon memory, depression and physical well-being in dementedness sufferers.9 In 2008, an 18-month rural undertaking placed creative persons in Cornish GP patterns to work with mental wellness patients ( Figure 1 ) . While the qualitative result steps were positive ( e.g. patient feedback ) , 10 it is interesting to observe how local consumption of this free enterprise ( 8.6 % ) reflects my planetary observations. Figure 1: Users mosaic displayed in Falmouth surgery. A recent survey ( 2010 ) investigated the significance of art to service users. It made the interesting remark that therapy creates distance from the ‘ †¦ †¦ .perceived subjugation of statutory service suppliers ‘ , 11 helping recovery. While many of the publications discussed are promoting, when the grounds is scrutinised to the same grade as a scientific diary, the field is characterised by good recognised jobs ; subjective nature, little sample sizes, inconsistent or neglected validated rating methodologies.12Personal ExperienceIn November 2010, Arts for Health Cornwall and Isle of Scilly ( AFHC ) commissioned four creative persons to run a 12-month undertaking, Arts response, with purposes to ; ‘ †¦ supply meaningful originative activity chances in community scenes targeted at grownups with mental wellness jobs ‘ . The group I attended consisted of one enthusiastic creative person and seven members who had attended similar strategies in recent old ages or were straight referred by their GP. In a really informal mode, we were encouraged to draw/etch our studies into froth to make printed cards ( Figure 2 ) . The general criterion was much higher than my personal creative activities below demonstrate! Figure 2. My print and cards. This was the 3rd of the group ‘s two-hour Sessionss and what first struck me was how good they had bonded. One lady, for illustration, was absent and they called to look into how she was. Another lady was late ; she had been sing a group member who was holding a ‘bipolar low ‘ , converting her to reach her GP. Finally, after the session they all went for a societal drink. While the benefits of socialization, communicating and originative battle were clear, the proviso of relationships appeared to even supply a potentially robust safety cyberspace. One lady commented on how she had no avocations before go toing a similar group antecedently. From the experience art had grown into an of import portion of her life, she sold her foremost painting last hebdomad, hiking her assurance. Finding added intent and flight from hopelessness has frequently been reported from humanistic disciplines participation.13 The creative person commented that the group was diffident and loath to prosecute ab initio. During this session I could see how single assurance grew with each print success and group encouragement, taking to more proficient and luxuriant designs. I needed to reflect upon how I might derive my coveted consistent, touchable consequences. One lady commented how leery she was that inside informations would be fed back to her surgery, taking me to reason that merely the creative person is in a place to justice consequences. This, nevertheless, would necessarily conflict with their purpose of making a relaxing, stress-free environment, be intrusive and impact their credibleness. From this I realised why so few undertakings offer inquirers during undertakings, allow entirely elaborate mental wellness evaluation graduated tables. It was evident that this type of category succeeds or fails with the creative person. The undertakings must be designed to win with limited participant accomplishment, yet contain the flexibleness to stretch creativeness. By their dependance upon artist creativeness, it seems impossible that undertakings can of all time be standardised.Concluding Contemplation and hereafterSo what have I learned from this experience? While my literature reappraisal highlighted promising grounds ( e.g. singing in dementedness ) , 9 it failed to supply the grounds necessary to convert me that art has a mainstream function in the intervention of mental wellness. Under certain fortunes, nevertheless, exposure to art is contributing to wellness and healing and hence decidedly has a healthcare function. How to measure art strategies to a degree perceived as convincing to mainstream medical specialty is an country of much argument. From my experience, nevertheless, I believe we can ne'er standardize, randomize or placebo control this type of health care. As a effect I can non forsee a clip where we can robustly reply the inquiry, does art intercession work? My experience, nevertheless, allowed me to see the possible benefits, which as a GP I would enthusiastically back and use any local undertakings. Engagement in the procedure has changed many of my preconceived positions. There will ever be a group of persons who ‘modern medical specialty ‘ fails to assist and I think mental wellness is one country which is typified by this thought. The art intercession I witnessed impressed upon me that complementary attacks to wellness can assist in domains frequently ill represented by traditional ‘medical ‘ theoretical accounts of health care ( assurance, self-esteem, communicating ) . Rather than beliing the medical theoretical account, such attacks compliment the thought of handling the emotional and religious demands of the individual holistically. The literature reappraisal and personal contemplation besides highlighted the deficiency of apprehension of what art and wellness involves, particularly by clinicians who are frequently determination shapers and fund holders. In this epoch of asceticism undertakings will be expected to ‘deliver ‘ . With the benefit of experience I now judge an one-year strategy cost-efficient at & A ; lb ; 5,000 ( less than & A ; lb ; 60/hour ) , 14 nevertheless, I am concerned that many art-based undertakings will happen it impossible to make the sensed holy grail of supplying justifiable consequences and their support watercourses could easy be squeezed without an grasp of their benefit and an apprehension of the ‘results ‘ This hazards marginalizing vulnerable groups who are frequently ill represented by traditional medical specialty.

Investigating Water Potential of Swed

eInvestigating water potential of swede The aim of our experiment was to investigate the water potential of swede and then use our results to help us determine the water potential of plant tissue. This overall flow of water from a dilute area of high water potential to a more concentrated solution of low water potential across a partially permeable membrane is called osmosis.I predicted that the swede cylinders which are put in a test tube with a low potential of sucrose solution would become turgid because the water molecules that are present in the swede will move away from an area of higher potential of water molecules to an area that has a lower potential of water molecules, this means that the swede sample will gain mass and become full almost to an extent where it is ready to burst.The swede samples that are going to be put in a test tube with a high potential of sucrose solution will become flaccid because the swede cylinder will have a higher potential of water molecules and so these molecules will diffuse into the sucrose solution as it has a lower water potential, this means that the potato sample will shrivel and loose mass. Equipment * Plant tissue such as swede * 1M sucrose solution * Distilled water * Boiling tubes * Cork borer size No. 5 or 6 * Scalpel, white tile and ruler * Boling rack tube to hole six tubes * Measuring cylinders * 10cm cubed syringes Chemical balance * Tweezers * Labels or Chinagraph pencil/OHP pen * Bungs to fit boiling tubes * Paper towel for blotting To ensure that our experiment gave us the best possible outcome of results and to make sure that we carried out the experiment safely we were extra cautious with the type of equipment we used and how we used it. If we used more than one swede we made sure that the swede was of the same brand and roughly the same size this helped to reduce any errors in our results. We took care with any glassware and cutting equipment that we used to reduce the risk of anyone getting injured.Th ere were quite a few factors in the experiment that we controlled, for example we put stopper caps on the test tubes to stop the solution from evaporating. Also we used a syringe when measuring the amount of sucrose solution to make sure that we put the exact amount that we needed in each test tube. A top pan balance to 2. d. p was used which meant that our results were more accurate. We also made sure that our experiment was fair by only changing one variable which was the concentration of the sucrose solution and then keeping every other variable the same. ) Prepare a series of six sucrose solutions using 1. 0M sucrose and distilled water to give a range of 0. 0 – 1. 0M 2) Measure 25cm cubed of each sucrose concentration into separate boiling tubes and label with the appropriate molarity 3) Cut six cylinders from a swede using the cork borer. Trim to remove any skin and cut to the same length. 4) Dry the swede cylinders by rolling in a paper towel – the same number o f times for each cylinder. For each of the six sucrose bathing solutions, weigh a cylinder on the top pan balance. In a suitable table record its mass against the appropriate solution molarity. ) Using forceps place each cylinder into the correct sucrose concentration and insert the bung 6) Leave the swede cylinders in the test tube for an hour 7) Remove each cylinder from the tubes in the same order that they were put in. Roll each cylinder in a paper towel – the same number of times as in step 4. Reweigh and record the new mass in your table against the correct bathing solution 8) Calculate the change in mass for each cylinder 9) Draw a graph of your processed results showing the intercept. Now work out the water potential value using a calibration table or curve. Join the points with straight lines and do not extrapolateM| Water (ml)| Measurements before (g)| Measurements after (g)| Overall % change| 0. 0| 25| 2. 09| 2. 28| 9. 09| 0. 1| 22. 5| 2. 00| 2. 15| 7. 50| 0. 25| 1 8. 75| 1. 89| 2. 05| 8. 47| 0. 5| 12. 5| 2. 09| 2. 18| 4. 31| 0. 75| 6. 25| 1. 90| 1. 90| 0| 1| 0| 2. 16| 2. 03| -6. 02| Our results show us that there is negative correlation between the potential of sucrose solution and the mass of the swede samples decreases, we know this because on our graph we can see that overall the gradient of the line is decreasing which shows that as the potential of the sucrose solution gets higher the average mass of the swede sample decreases.An explanation as to why some swede samples gained mass and others lost mass is because if the swede samples are placed in a test tube with a low potential of sucrose solution then the water molecules in the sucrose solution will pass through a partially permeable membrane to the swede sample and if the potato samples are placed in a test tube with a high potential of sucrose solution then they will do the opposite and the water molecules in the swede sample will move to the sucrose solution.There may be some limit ations with our results because the recommended time to leave the swede cylinders in the test tube with the sucrose solution was for an hour but we were unable to leave them in there for that long and so that may be the reason why there are some anomalies in our results.If I was to make improvements to the experiment then I would have took a few more mass measurements for each sample so that my results are more reliable, I would also carry out the experiment on two different substances for example eggs and courgettes so that I am able to study whether osmosis takes place in the same way and I would compare where the two different equilibrium points are.From my results I can say that my hypothesis was correct because my results show me that the swede cylinders which were put in sucrose solution that was of a low potential became flaccid because the water molecules in the swede moved into the sucrose solution and the swede cylinders that were placed in sucrose solution of a high poten tial became turgid because the water molecules in the sucrose solution moved to the potato. In the future to study osmosis further i will keep the concentration of sucrose solution the same but place the test tubes in different environments to see whether this will affect how osmosis will take place.

Tourism Development in Tunisia Essay Example

Tourism Development in Tunisia Essay Example Tourism Development in Tunisia Essay Tourism Development in Tunisia Essay Much of the findings are based on my own observations on the impacts of tourism as I travelled around Tunisia. The three principle aspects of sustainability are social, economic and environment impacts which I used as my three elemates for measuring sustainability. Beach tourism has been present in Tunisia since the 1960’s where as saharan tourism although was started during the 1980’s it is still very much developing and aiming to gain its own indepence from beach tourism in Tunisia. Beach tourism is a success for Tunisia in terms of economic benefits, the traditional Tunisian culture has faded in the coastal regions, there is also a strong reliance on the tourism industry making the region very vulnerable and enviromentally the lack of freshwater and wastewater manage do not appear to be something the coastal region is tackling despite how much water is used in this type of tourism. Saharan tourism on the other hand does not appear to be receive that much economically from tourism compared to beach tourism, however the social impacts of tourism seem to less the and the environmental issues in Tunisia seems to be something that the interior regions are working towards solving. To conclude this report finds that saharan tourism is neither more sustainable nor less sustainable than beach tourism because both have negative aspects and positive aspects that need to more balance. 2. 1 Objective The purpose of this report is to; I. Explore and discuss the impact of tourism development between the coastal and interior region of Tunisia. II. Identify whether Saharan Tourism is more sustainable than Beach Tourism in Tunisia. 3. 1 Methodology amp; Sources of Data When comparing the impact of tourism development between the coastal region and the interior region of Tunisia an in field study was done. Much of this investigation is based on my observations in the field as a learning diary was conducted giving a detailed day to day description of places visited across Tunisia and my thoughts on the experience. However I along with my group members did conducted a number of activities on the places visited and in some destinations we got the opportunity to carry out various questionnaires on local Tunisians and tourists to find out their thoughts on tourism in Tunisia. In order to conduct a full comparative analysis between the interior and coastal regions the destinations of Hammamet, Sfax Douz and Tozeur which were visited during the trip to Tunisia have been chosen as the regions I intend to focus this investigation on. I. Critique of Methods Used The fact that the research for this investigation was conducted in the field meant that I was able to get a first hand look at the impacts and ultimately gather some primary data. However, the in field study did have many flaws, which made it difficult and unethical to compare the interior region of Tunisia with the coastal region. Firstly, the local participants interviewed were those working directly or indirectly in the tourism industry i. e. local business owners or hoteliers which meant that their feedback could have been biased because they economical benefit from tourism. Similarly, the feedback from the tourists interviewed in Tunisia could have been influenced by the fact that they were wrapped in a tourist bubble therefore failing to acknowledge the negative impacts tourism development many be having. What may have made this study more feasible is if questionnaires were conducted on locals who did not have any involvement in the tourism industry. Another flaw in this investigation is the measuring of sustainability, sustainability is a complex and difficult objective to measure; the challenge in measuring sustainability is how we measure one negative impact against another. For example; tourism in the coastal region of Tunisia maybe more economically beneficial but cause more negative environmental impacts where as tourism in the interior region may receive less economic benefits but have less negative environmental impacts, therefore how would you measure which one is more sustainable. 4. 1 Interpretation amp; Findings I. Sustainability and Alternative Tourism In order to determine whether Saharan Tourism is more sustainable than Beach Tourism in Tunisia it is important to explain the definition of sustainability in tourism and its relationship with alternative tourism development. The term sustainable tourism is defined by WTO as; â€Å"Tourism that meets the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunity for the future. Rather than being a type of product, it is an ethos that underpins all tourism activities. As such, it is integral to all aspects of tourism development and management rather than being an add-on component The objective of sustainable tourism is to retain the economic and social advantages of tourism development while reducing or mitigating any undesirable impacts on the natural, historic, cultural or social environment. This is achieved by balancing the needs of tourists with those of the destination†. (World Tourism Organisation) The principles of sustainability relate to the economic, social and environmental elements of tourism development, in order for sustainability to be achieved on a long term basis these three aspects need to be balanced. Alternative forms tourism have over the years been increasing as strategies employed by many destinations as a way of eliminating the negative effects associated with mass tourism (characterized by the three‘s’ sun, sand and sea). II. Beach Tourism in Tunisia The presence of tourism in Tunisia dates back to 1960’s when the country received attention from North European tour operators seeking to expand low cost packaged tours to new destinations outside Europe. The development of tourism from this date has been very much focused on package tours to coastal regions such as Hammamet and Sousse. Tourism in these regions has been economically beneficial as main jobs in these regions are tourism related either directly or indirectly. However tourism development has made the country very vulnerable due to a reliance on tour operators and over concentrated focus on beach tourism. III. Saharan Tourism in Tunisia At present the Tunisian government is trying to shake off the destinations reputation as offering coastal resorts and cheap accommodation, one way in which they intend to do this is by diversifying the products on offer to tourists. One of these products being Saharan Tourism, in the late 1980’s the government recognized that in order to compete in the international tourism market then they would need to exploit the wealth of potential for tourism in the Saharan regions of the country. Not only to compete with the European destinations such as Turkey, Spain and Croatia but to provide a solution to the economic troubles of deprived regions in the Sahara and help preserve their cultural and natural heritage. However despite the governments efforts to promote the sector in these regions by offering tax incentives for private operator’s tourist activities in the region has been slow and not yet gained its independence from the coastal trade. IV. A Comparative Analysis of Hammamet, Sfax, Tozeur amp; Douz i. Socio-Cultural I observed when visiting the coastal resort of Hammamet that the region appeared to have lost some of it cultural heritage, this was increasingly vident in the Yasmine Hammamet region which houses a new medina built for tourist consumption instead of being a historic monument built to house locals. Throughout Hammamet it was clear that the presents of tourism over the years has meant that the countries traditional Islamic and Arabic culture has been invaded by western cultural characteristics. While touring the medina’s in Hammamet there were a number of designer western products on sell and the dress code of the locals was much more westernized too. However this did not seem to be a negative or conflicting situation between the locals which was confirmed by one local male participant interviewed, who was asked whether there was a conflict between the young and old generations because of the cultural changes in the region. His response was that there was not a conflict between the different generations and that tourism in the area has not been the only catalysis for cultural change international television and technology in the region has also been a cause. In Sfax local not far off the east coast of Tunisia the issue of modernization and westernization are also evident there however Sfax is much over polluted and industrialized in comparison to Hammamet. Compared to Hammamet and Sfax the interior regions Tozeur and Douz were much more traditional in terms of cultural dress code and infrastructure. What was also different about the interior region was the interactions with local Tunisians, as we travelled out of the tourist zones to different cultural attractions in the interior of Tunisia you get a more authentic feel of the Tunisian culture. One example of this was in Douz where we got to go to a local shisha cafe not far from our hotel, which was filled with local Tunisians mainly men smoking shisha and socializing with other locals and tourists alike. Another socio-cultural difference between the interior and coastal regions is the amount of people that live in these areas. From visiting these four towns in Tunisia it is evident that the rural parts of Tunisia are being slow abandoned for the urban areas. (Figure 1. Showing a staged performance for tourists in Yasmine Hammamet Medina) ii. Economic Economically, is clear that Hammamet is very dependent on tourism which I was informed of by a local medina stall own who we interviewed while visiting Hammamet old medina. When questioning the stall owner he informed us that tourism was very unpredictable particularly during the recent recession because tourism in the area fell, as tourism is the main source of income to the economy in the area this means that the locals are in a very unstable situation. Other evidence of how reliant Hammamet is on tourism was shown by how pushy and aggressive the stall owners and those working in the medinas were to get tourism to purchase from their shops. The stall owner also informed us that although tourism is unstable it has been beneficial for locals by providing jobs particularly as agriculture in this area is declining as I was informed of by the interviewed participant. This was considerably different from Tozeur and particularly Douz as I observed visiting Douz market, the workers and stall owners were not as pushy to get us to buy from their shops and were more adamant on the prices they expect us to pay for their goods. In Tozeur, Douz and the surrounding areas just outside of these towns there was plenty of signs of agricultural activity, for example olive and date production which is why these regions seem less economically reliant on tourism. Although the Tozeur did not seem very depend on tourism the same cannot be said for the mountain oases just outside the Tozeur town where I observed children hustling for us to buy their jewellery which is shown in figure 2. Figure 2. iii. Environment Lack of freshwater and wastewater are the central concerns in throughout Tunisia, in Hammamet and Sfax there were no obvious signs of how the region is tackling these issue. Which is quiet worrying considering that mass tourism has the highest demand for water, due to accommodation and facilities such as golf courses and swimming pools. However when we questioned a local hotel worker on the negative environmental impacts of tourism in this area he seem sure that there were not any. In Tozeur and Douz and other interior regions visited there was evidence that freshwater was something they were tackling this was particularly evident in Kairouran where I got observe the water dam and a well where water is pumped by a camel (shown in Figure 3) and also Tozeur where there has been heavy investment has been in place to tackle groundwater shortages. In Douz I were informed by our tour guide that sand storms were a big issue in the region and that the government was work towards solving the situation, as many locals had to moving from the region because there houses had been completely covered by the sand. Figure 3. Conclusion Based on my findings comparing the interior region with the coastal region, I feel that Saharan tourism neither more sustainable nor less sustainable than beach tourism in Tunisia. Saharan tourism is something that is still very much developing in Tunisia, there is evidence that once it is fully developed it will be more sustainable than beach tourism but present there not enough evidence to suggest that Saharan tourism is benefiting enough economical for it to be deemed a sustainable objective. Although environmentally and socially there is evidence that sustainable objectives are being met these three aspects of sustainability need to be balanced in order for Saharan tourism work as a sustainable development. Appendix Figure 1. showing a staged performance for tourists in Yasmine Hammamet Medina)†¦.. pg 6 Figure 2 ( Showing children hustling in the mountain oases outside Tozeur )†¦.. Pg 7 Figure 3 (Showing a camel pumping a well in Kairouran)†¦. Pg 8 Bibliography Stefano L. , Freshwater and Tourism in the Mediterranean, June 2004, WWF Mediterranean Programme Hosni E. , Strategy for Sustainable Tourism Development in the Sahara, 2000, UNESCO Cooper C. , Fletcher J. , Fyall A. , Gilbert D. amp; Wanhill S. , Tourism; Principles and Practice, 4th edition, 2008, Prentice Hill Websites www. unwto. com